Coming up, Justin Chang will review Steve McQueen's new five-film series, "Small Axe." A Cold War showdown loomed. During 1961 and 1962, intermediaries working for the CIA passed several packets of Gottliebs botulinum pillscalled L-pills because they were lethalto gangsters for delivery to contacts in Cuba. Nonetheless, he didn't reveal anything, and he claimed, essentially, to have forgotten everything that he had spent his whole CIA career doing. None of the plans succeeded. Finding a chemical that would make a beard fall out was just the kind of challenge Gottlieb enjoyed. You may have heard stories about the CIA's secret experiments with LSD, through which '60s counterculture luminaries like Ken Kesey and Allen Ginsberg were first introduced to the drug. There were no more near misses. Thats because Detrick, still thriving today as the Armys principal base for biological research and now encompassing nearly 600 buildings on 13,000 acres, was for years the nerve center of the CIAs hidden chemical and mind control empire. No. Gottlieb, 43, was a biochemist. He stuttered. . Leary was fascinated by this. When CIA air controllers lost contact with Powerss plane, they presumed he was dead and that his plane had been vaporized. The CIA awarded him a medal. On July 13, 1951, Gottlieb had his first day of work at the CIA. Both wings blew off. The CIAs epically inept 1961 invasion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs intensified Kennedys determination. President Dwight Eisenhower authorized several more flights in the weeks that followed. GROSS: So before Sidney Gottlieb started experimenting with LSD, he ran CIA experiments with marijuana, cocaine, heroin, mescaline. GROSS: So LSD was created in 1943 by Dr. Albert Hoffman at the Sandoz Laboratories in Basel, Switzerland. The only way to know this would be to have killed all those people. In that capacity, he was also the chief poison maker, so he made the poisons to kill Zhou Enlai, Fidel Castro, Patrice Lumumba. With the stuff thats in there, no one will ever be able to know that Lumumba was assassinated., Gottlieb coolly explained to Devlin what was in the poison kit and how to use it. So if you remember Q from those James Bond movies, that was Gottlieb. Once Helms was gone, it was just a matter of time until Gottlieb would be gone, and most important was that Helms was really the only person at the CIA who had an idea of what Gottlieb had been doing. He left behind, according to a cable from Devlin, certain items of continuing usefulness.. Maheu became the conduit through which the CIA passed instructions and devices to gangsters who were to assassinate Castro.
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