World War I, and the immense misery and loss of life it caused, led some Europeans to doubt whether nations who could so brutally mismanage their own affairs had any moral right to dictate to other peoples. [20]The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, three years after the end of World War II, recognised all people as being born free and equal.[21]. In British West Africa schools had got a footing before there was much administration to control them, and their subsequent development was more independent. From the 13th century, Akans emerged from what is believed to have been the Bonoman area, to create several Akan states of Ghana, mainly based on gold trading. Retrieved 10 May. FRELIMO, the Frente de Libertao de Moambique or the Mozambique Liberation Front, was created in 1962 to liberate Mozambique from Portugals colonial rule. List of national independence days In the conference's declaration, he wrote, "we believe in the rights of all peoples to govern themselves. Many more people in the British than in the French territories thus got some education, and appreciably more were able to attend universities. South Africa destabilized the region by arming internal dissidents, who attacked schools, clinics, railways, and harbours. [citation needed], Historian James Meriweather argues that American policy towards Africa was characterized by a middle road approach, which supported African independence but also reassured European colonial powers that their holdings could remain intact. We affirm the right of all colonial peoples to control their own destiny. Kingdom of Africa (1148-c.1158) In Mozambique and Angola the unpopularity of the governments Marxist policiesincluding the concentration of the population in communal villages, state farms, and cooperatives and attacks on private property, chiefly authority, and religioneased the way for South African intervention. After sporadic unrest in Nyasaland in 1959 a state of emergency was declared, while in all three territories nationalist leaders were arrested and their organizations banned. In Mozambique the nationalist organizations were initially more successfully united. [55] By 1962, the National Liberation Front was able to negotiate a peace accord with French President Charles de Gaulle, the vian Accords[56] in which Europeans would be able to return to their native countries, remain in Algeria as foreigners or take Algerian citizenship. By 1978 it had become clear that the Rhodesian government would not win the war, and Smith, under pressure from Western countries and South Africa, agreed in 1978 to allow the internal African opposition to contest multiracial elections the following year. [66] After gaining popularity, her voice became a powerful source of African feminist and anti-colonial sentiment. During the 1980s both Frelimo and the MPLA lost control outside the main urban areas. Part of the Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt (11741218)
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which three african countries gained independence after 1945?