According to some archaeologists, PIE speakers cannot be assumed to have been a single, identifiable people or tribe, but were a group of loosely related populations ancestral to the later, still partially prehistoric, Bronze Age Indo-Europeans. See: Haak et al. However, given that the glottalic theory never caught on and there was little archaeological support, the Gamkrelidze and Ivanov theory did not gain support until Renfrew's Anatolian theory revived aspects of their proposal.[19]. Archaeology traces the spread of artifacts, habitations, and burial sites presumed to be created by speakers of Proto-Indo-European in several stages: from the hypothesized locations of the Proto-Indo-European homeland, into their later locations of Western Europe, Central, South and Eastern Asia. Roopkund A had ancestry typical of South Asians. It postulates that the people of a Kurgan culture in the Pontic steppe north of the Black Sea were the most likely speakers of the Proto-Indo-European . They are clearly a population of the Aegean area. The Roopkund B group made up more than a third of the samples testedfourteen individuals out of thirty-eight. Nevertheless, these days the Anatolian hypothesis is generally rejected, since it is incompatible with the growing data on the genetic history of the Yamnaya-people. 3400 and 3200 BCE. Indo-Iranian peoples are a grouping of ethnic groups consisting of the Indo-Aryan, Iranian, Dardic and Nuristani peoples; that is, speakers of Indo-Iranian languages, a major branch of the Indo-European language family. The Anatolians were a group of distinct Indo-European peoples who spoke the Anatolian languages and shared a common culture. The New Yorker may earn a portion of sales from products that are purchased through our site as part of our Affiliate Partnerships with retailers. The lone person of Southeast Asian ancestry in Roopkund C died around the same time. "[126] See Suvorovo culture and Ezero culture for details. This was a long-established route reflected in early stone axe distributions and it was via this network that Maritime Bell Beakers first reached the Lower Rhine in about 2600 BCE. [127], The Anatolian languages were a branch of the larger Indo-European language family. [273][274], Evidence of proto-Thracians or proto-Dacians in the prehistoric period depends on the remains of material culture. "the Afanasievo herders of the AltaiSayan region in southern Siberia (31502750BC), who in turn have close genetic ties with the Yamnaya (35002500BC) of the PonticCaspian steppe located 3,000km to the west"- before being recorded in 5001000 CE's Buddhist scriptures. The same Y-chromosome turnover is also found in Americans of African descent. If the Indo-Aryan languages did not come from outside South Asia, this necessarily entails that India was the original homeland of all the other Indo-European languages.". Between 3100 and 2600 BCE the Yamnaya people spread into the Danube Valley as far as Hungary.
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kurgan hypothesis debunked