Washington, DC: National Academics Press. Community policing is designed to reduce and prevent crime by increasing ________ and cooperation between local law enforcement agencies and the people and neighborhoods they serve. . 2021. Washington, DC: DOJ, Office of Community-Oriented Policing Services. In criminology, rational choice theory draws on the concepts of free will and rational thinking to examine an individuals specific decision-making processes and choices of crime settings by emphasizing their motives in different situations. School vandalism and break-ins. Though foot patrols limit the speed at which an officer can respond to a call (compared with patrol in a vehicle), research has found that community members are more comfortable with police being in the neighborhood on foot. Situational crime prevention has identified a number of ways to reduce opportunity to commit crime, such as: 1) increase the effort required to carry out the crime, 2) increase the risks faced in completing the crime, 3) reduce the rewards or benefits expected from the crime, 4) remove excuses to rationalize or justify engaging in criminal action, and 5) avoid provocations that may tempt or incite individuals into criminal acts (Clarke 2009). Weisburd, D.L., Telep, C.W., Hinkle, J.C., and Eck, J.E. For example, if police find that vandalism occurs because youths have easy access to school grounds, especially after school hours, they might suggest a response that improves building security. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. A POP approach can be used by law enforcement agencies to address youth-related issues, including offenses committed by youths (such as gun violence, vandalism, graffiti, and other youth-specific behaviors such as running away from home or underage drinking. It was originally developed to explain macro-level crime trends through the interaction of targets, offenders, and guardians (Eck, 2003). , 2014). 2008. Gill, C., Weisburd, D.L., Telep, C.W., Vitter, Z., and Bennett, T. 2014. Weisburd and A.A Braga. Four elements of the broken windows strategy explain how interventions based on this approach may lead to crime reduction (Kelling and Coles, 1996). The key elements of community polic - ing are that police must work with the community and draw from other resources outside the police to prevent and solve crime problems. 2008. 3: Policies, Processes, and Decisions of the Criminal Justice System: Washington, DC: DOJ, OJP, National Institute of Justice (NIJ). Facilitating policeminority youth attitude change: The effects of cooperation within a competitive context and exposure to typical exemplars.
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13 elements of community policing